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Attitudes (eg. Prejudice)
Bargh, J. A., Chaiken, S., & Raymond, P., &
Hymes, C. (1996). The automatic evaluation effect:
Unconditional automatic attitude activation with a
pronunciation task. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology. Vol 32(1), 104-128.
Blascovich, J., Ernst, J. M., Tomaka, J., Kelsey, R.
M., et al. (1993). Attitude accessibility as a moderator
of autonomic reactivity during decision making. Journal
of Personality & Social Psychology. Vol 64(2),
165 176.
Chaiken, S., Bargh, J. A. (1993). Occurrence versus
moderation of the automatic attitude activation effect:
Reply to Fazio. Journal of Personality & Social
Psychology. Vol 64(5), 759-765.
Crosby, F., Bromley, S., & Saxe, L. (1980). Recent
unobtrusive studies of Black and White discrimination
and prejudice: A literature review. Psychological
Bulletin, 87, 546-563.
DeBono, K. G., Snyder, M. (1995). Acting on one's attitudes:
The role of a history of choosing situations. Personality
& Social Psychology Bulletin. Vol 21(6), 620-628.
Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their
automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality
& Social Psychology. Vol 56(1), 5-18.
Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., Johnson, C., Johnson,
B., Howard, A. (1997). On the nature of prejudice:
Automatic and controlled processes. Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology. Vol 33(5), 510 540.
Fabrigar, L. R., Priester, J. R., Petty, R. E., Wegener,
D. T. (1998). The impact of attitude accessibility
on elaboration of persuasive messages. Personality
& Social Psychology Bulletin. Vol 24(4), 339-352.
Fazio, R. H. (1993). Variability in the likelihood
of automatic attitude activation: Data reanalysis
and commentary on Bargh, Chaiken, Govender, and Pratto
(1992). Journal of Personality & Social Psychology.
Vol 64(5), 753-758.
Fazio, R. H., Dunton, B. C. Categorization by race:
The impact of automatic and controlled components
of racial prejudice. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology. Vol 33(5), 451-470.
Fazio, R. H., H., Paul M., Olney, T. J. (1984). Attitude
accessibility following a self-perception process.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology. Vol
47(2), 277-286.
Fazio, R. H., Jackson, Joni R., Dunton, Bridget C.,
Williams, Carol J. Variability in automatic activation
as an unobstrusive measure of racial attitudes: A
bona fide pipeline? Journal of Personality & Social
Psychology. Vol 69(6), 1013-1027.
Fazio, R. H., Powell, M. C. (1997). On the value of
knowing one's likes and dislikes: Attitude accessibility,
stress, and health in college. Psychological Science.
Vol 8(6), 430-436.
Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., Kardes,
F. R. On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal
of Personality & Social Psychology. Vol 50(2),
229-238.
Fazio, R. H., Williams, C. J. (1986). Attitude accessibility
as a moderator of the attitude^perception and attitude
behavior relations: An investigation of the 1984 presidential
election. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology.
Vol 51(3), 505-514.
Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social
cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes.
Psychological Review. Vol 102(1), 4-27.
Hodges, Sara D., Wilson, Timothy D. (1993). Effects
of analyzing reasons on attitude change: The moderating
role of attitude accessibility. Social Cognition.
Vol 11(4), 353-366.
Houston, David A., Fazio, R. H. (1989). Biased processing
as a function of attitude accessibility: Making objective
judgments subjectively. Social Cognition. Vol 7(1),
51-66.
Kardes, Frank R., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Voss, R. T.,
Fazio, R. H. (1986). Self-monitoring and attitude
accessibility. Personality & Social Psychology
Bulletin. Vol 12(4), 468-474.
Kawakami, K., Dion, K. L., Dovidio, John F. (1998).
Racial prejudice and stereotype activation. Personality
& Social Psychology Bulletin. Vol 24(4), 407-416.
Krosnick, J. A. (1989). Attitude importance and attitude
accessibility. Personality & Social Psychology
Bulletin. Vol 15(3), 297-308.
Lepore, L., Brown, R. (1997). Category and stereotype
activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Journal of Personality
& Social Psychology. Vol 72(2), 275-287.
Maio, G. R., Olson, J. M. (1995). The effect of attitude
dissimulation on attitude accessibility. Social Cognition.
Vol 13(2), 127-144.
Powell, M. C., & Fazio, R. H. (1984). Attitude
accessibility as a function of repeated attitudinal
expression. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin.
Vol 10(1), 139-148.
Roese, N. J., Olson, J. M. (1994). Attitude importance
as a function of repeated attitude expression. Journal
of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol 30(1), 39-51.
Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R., Fazio, R. H. (1992). On the
orienting value of attitudes: Attitude accessibility
as a determinant of an object's attraction of visual
attention. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology.
Vol 63(2), 198-211.
Schuette, R. A., Fazio, R. H. (1995). Attitude accessibility
and motivation as determinants of biased processing:
A test of the MODE model. Personality & Social
Psychology Bulletin. Vol 21(7), 704-710.
Smith, E. R., Fazio, R. H., Cejka, M. A. (1996). Accessible
attitudes influence categorization of multiply categorizable
objects. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology.
Vol 71(5), Nov 1996, 888-898.
von Hippel, W., Sekaquaptewa, D., Vargas, P. (1997).
The linguistic intergroup bias as an implicit indicator
of prejudice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
Vol 33(5), 490-509.
Wittenbrink, B., Judd, C. M., Park, B. (1997). Evidence
for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its
relationship with questionnaire measures. Journal
of Personality & Social Psychology. Vol 72(2),
262-274.
Beliefs (eg. Stereotypes)
Banaji, M. R., & Hardin, C. D. (1996). Automatic
stereotyping. Psychological Science. Vol 7(3), 136-141.
Banaji, M. R., Hardin, C., & Rothman, A. J. (1993).
Implicit stereotyping in person judgment. Journal
of Personality & Social Psychology. Vol 65(2),
272-281.
Bargh, J. A., C, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity
of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct
and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality
& Social Psychology. Vol 71(2), 230-244.
Blair, I. V., Banaji, M. R. (1996). Automatic and controlled
processes in stereotype priming. Journal of Personality
& Social Psychology. Vol 70(6), 1142-1163.
Chen, M., Bargh, J. A. (1997). Nonconscious behavioral
confirmation processes: The self-fulfilling consequences
of automatic stereotype activation. Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology. Vol 33(5), 541-560.
Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their
automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality
& Social Psychology. Vol 56(1), 5-18.
Dijksterhuis, A., van Knippenberg, A. (1996). The knife
that cuts both ways: Facilitated and inhibited access
to traits as a result of stereotype activation. Journal
of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol 32(3), 271-288.
Dovidio, J. F., Evans, N., Tyler, R. B. (1986). Racial
stereotypes: The contents of their cognitive representations.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol 22(1),
22-37.
Gaertner, S. L., & McLaughlin, J. P. (1983). Racial
stereotypes: Associations and ascriptions of positive
and negative characteristics. Social Psychology Quarterly,
46, 23-30.
Gilbert, D. T., Hixon, J. G. (1991). The trouble of
thinking: Activation and application of stereotypic
beliefs. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology.
Vol 60(4), 509-517.
Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social
cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes.
Psychological Review. Vol 102(1), 4-27.
Kawakami, K., Dion, K. L., Dovidio, John F. (1998).
Racial prejudice and stereotype activation. Personality
& Social Psychology Bulletin. Vol 24(4), 407-416.
Lepore, L., Brown, R. (1997). Category and stereotype
activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Journal of Personality
& Social Psychology. Vol 72(2), 275-287.
Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. B., Thorn,
T. M. J., Castelli, L. (1997). On the activation of
social stereotypes: The moderating role of processing
objectives. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
Vol 33(5), 471-489.
Macrae, C. N., Milne, A. B., Bodenhausen, G. V. (1994).
Stereotypes as energy-saving devices: A peek inside
the cognitive toolbox. Journal of Personality &
Social Psychology. Vol 66(1), 37-47.
Manis, M., Paskewitz, J., Cotler, S. (1986). Stereotypes
and social judgment. Journal of Personality &
Social Psychology. Vol 50(3), 461-473.
Pendry, L. F., & Macrae, C. N. (1994). Stereotypes
in mental life: The case of the motivated but thwarted
tactician. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,
30, 303-325.
Pratto, F., & Bargh, J. A. (1991). Stereotyping
based on apparently individuating information: Trait
and global components of sex stereotypes under attention
overload. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,
27, 26-47.
Stangor, C. (1988). Stereotype accessibility and information
processing. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin.
Vol 14(4), 694-708.
Stapel, D. A., Koomen, W. (1998). When stereotype activation
results in (counter) stereotypical judgments: Priming
stereotype-relevant traits and exemplars. Journal
of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol 34(2), 136-163.
van Knippenberg, A., Dijksterhus, A. (1996). A posteriori
stereotype activation: The preservation of stereotypes
through memory distortion. Social Cognition. Vol 14(1),
21-53.
Impression Formation
Higgins, E. T., Rholes, W. S., & Jones, C. R. (1977).
Category accessibility and impression formation. Journal
of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 141-154.
Levy, S. R., Dweck, C. S. (1998). Trait- versus process-focused
social judgment. Social Cognition. Vol 16(1), 151-172.
Person Perception
Anderson, C. A., & Sedikides, C. (1991). Thinking
about people: Contributions of a typological alternative
to associationistic and dimensional models of person
perception. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology.
Vol 60(2), 203-217.
Bargh, J. A. (1989). Conditional automaticity: Varieties
of automatic influence in social perception and cognition.
Uleman, James S. (Ed)., Bargh, J. A. (Ed)., et al.
Unintended thought. (pp. 3-51). New York, NY, USA:
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Bargh, J. A., Lombardi, W. J., Higgins, E. T. (1988).
Automaticity of chronically accessible constructs
in person * situation effects on person perception:
It's just a matter of time. Journal of Personality
& Social Psychology. Vol 55(4), 599-605.
Levy, S. R., Dweck, C. S. (1998). Trait- versus process-focused
social judgment. Social Cognition. Vol 16(1), 151-172.
Pratto, F., & Bargh, J. A. (1991). Stereotyping
based on apparently individuating information: Trait
and global components of sex stereotypes under attention
overload. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,
27, 26-47.
Self Perception
Fazio, R. H., H., Paul M., Olney, T. J. (1984). Attitude
accessibility following a self-perception process.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology. Vol
47(2), 277-286.
Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social
cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes.
Psychological Review. Vol 102(1), 4-27.
Miscellaneous
Bargh, J. A. (1997). The automaticity of everyday life.
Wyer, Robert S. Jr. (Ed)., et al. (1997). The automaticity
of everyday life: Advances in social cognition, Vol.
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Associates, Inc. , Publishers. viii, 258 pp.
Bargh, J. A., Chaiken, Shelly., Govender, Rajen., Pratto,
Felicia. (1992). The generality of the automatic attitude
activation effect. Journal of Personality & Social
Psychology. Vol 62(6), 893-912.
Bassili, J. N. (1995). Response latency and the accessibility
of voting intentions: What contributes to accessibility
and how it affects vote choice. Personality &
Social Psychology Bulletin. Vol 21(7), 686-695.
Borkenau, P., Liebler, A. (1992). Trait inferences:
s of validity at zero acquaintance. Journal of Personality
& Social Psychology. Vol 62(4), 645-657.
Fiske, S. T., Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition
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New York, NY, USA: Mcgraw-Hill Book Company. xviii,
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Fridlund, A. J. (1991). Sociality of solitary smiling:
Potentiation by an implicit audience. Journal of Personality
& Social Psychology. Vol 60(2), 229-240.
Gilbert, Daniel T., Krull, D. S. (1988). Seeing less
and knowing more: The benefits of perceptual ignorance.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology. Vol
54(2), 193-202.
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J.
L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in
implicit cognition: The implicit association test.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol
74, 1464-1480.
Lee, Y., Ottati, V. (1995). Perceived in-group homogeneity
as a function of group membership salience and stereotype
threat. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin.
Vol 21(6), 610-619.
Niedenthal, P. M. (1990). Implicit perception of affective
information. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
Vol 26(6), 505-527.
Perdue, C. W., & Dovidio, J. F., Gurtman, M. B.,
& Tyler, R. B. (1990). "Us" and "them": Social
categorization and the process of intergroup bias.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59,
475-486.
Perdue, C. W., & Gurtman, M. B. (1990). Evidence
for the automaticity of ageism. Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology, 26, 199-216.
Ross, M., Newby-Clark, I. R. (1998). Construing the
past and future. Social Cognition. Vol 16(1), 133-150.
Rothbart, M., Sriram, N., Davis-Stitt, C. (1996). The
retrieval of typical and atypical category members.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol 32(4),
309-336.
Stroessner, S. J. (1996). Social categorization by
race or sex: Effects of perceived non-normalcy on
response times. Social Cognition. Vol 14(3), 247-276.
Wegner, D. M., Bargh, J. A. (1998). Control and automaticity
in social life. Gilbert, Daniel T. (Ed)., Fiske, Susan
T. (Ed)., et al. (1998). The handbook of social psychology,
Vol. 2 (4th ed. ). (pp. 446-496). Boston, MA, USA:
Mcgraw-Hill. x, 1085 pp.
Woike, B. A. (1995). Most-memorable experiences: Evidence
for a link between implicit and explicit motives and
social cognitive processes in everyday life. Journal
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